It is written in the API reference doc that we can add attachment with notes but there is not way to attach an attachment/file with note when creating notes using API. Here is the paragrapg from doc:
You can log notes on CRM records to add information to the record timeline or associate an attachment with a record. For example, if you need to keep track of an offline conversation you had with a contact, you can add a note to their contact record with details and documents related to the conversation. Other users in the account will then be able to view and reference that note.
Thanks for your question.