Not through traditional lead scoring, but it can be built out in a custom scoring workflow.
There is a CTA beta program that appears to be in the wild. I have it in a few of my instances, but not sure how global it is. If you go to Contacts --> List --> Create an active list as a test --> For filters do you see “Calls-to-action (beta)”. If you do there is a filter to look for every time someone clicks a CTA regardless of what it is. If you don’t see this, stop here and contact the support team and see if you can get added to the beta as this will be necessary for what are you looking to build.