You can set up a version of this today using property-specific permissions.
If you create a custom deal property, and set the permissions for that property so that only the VP of Sales can edit that properties value, then you add that property as required on all deal stages after X, Y, or Z, then in order to get deals into those stages the VP of Sales is required to get involved. This is available for any Enterprise hub.
Relevant KB: Manage view and edit access for properties.
You could even have 1 property for deal stage 3, another for stage 4, and a third for stage 5, so that the VP has to come back once per stage and confirm with the sales person if the right criteria has actually been met.
There is now also permissions for deal stage access where it is either users with permissions to edit deals OR super admins only. This is available for Pro OR Enterprise.
Relevant KB: Set up and manage object pipelines
A third option would be to create a custom deal property (hubspot user property type) called Sales Owner and then copy Deal owner into Sales Owner, and then change the deal owner to your sales manager or vp of sales. If your user permissions for editing deals are owned only or team only, then the sales person would no longer be able to edit deals AND thanks to the sales owner property you would still be able to report on which sales rep owned and closed the sales process.