@Anton for child themes, I change the require_css to:
{% set overwrite_child_css_path = '../../child.css' %}
which forces the child.css to have the highest precedent in the theme and this is how it’s showing now:
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All of the theme CSS are either inline or like the above, with a few exceptions:
I know without doubt that this was not the case previously and something has changed, this was flagged in Lighthouse and wasn’t an issue before:

